![]() The modification of the DNE measurement introduced here ‘Sign-oriented DNE’ alleviates this problem by elimination of concave sharpness from analyses, allowing investigations to focus on features of occlusal surfaces plausibly linked to shearing, cutting, or shredding of food materials during Phases I and II of the masticatory power stroke. Concave-inflated DNE values can be misleading, being interpreted as indicating that a particular taxon is more adapted for processing fibrous food than is warranted. The inclusion of concave DNE in dietary analyses of molars possessing deep occlusal sulci–such as those found among hominoids–inflates the perceived functional sharpness of these teeth. This is problematic because the DNE-signal derived from concave aspects of an occlusal surface measures a sharp ‘edge’ oriented inward towards the enamel dentine junction rather than outward towards food contact. As initially implemented, this measurement does not differentiate concave versus convex contributions to surface sharpness. Such an analysis depends upon confirming one's bias by placing undue importance on mention of Germany in the company of an imperfect rhyme of Hitler, and upon ignorance (deliberate or not) that Hister is actually the Latin word for the Danube River.Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a dental topography measurement aimed at capturing occlusal sharpness and has shown promise for its ability to sort primate molars according to perceived shearing ability. This verse has been plucked from thousands of obscure quatrains and interpreted to be a prophesy of Hitler's rise to power in Germany, which occurred centuries after the writing. He will cause great men to be dragged in a cage of iron, The greater part of the battle will be against Hister. "Beasts wild with hunger will cross the rivers, This fallacy is often employed in an attempt to validate the predictions of psychics and prophets.Some people subscribe belief in the SNL curse, painting a figurative bulls-eye around the handful of cast members that have died within its 40 year history while conveniently ignoring the many members that still live not to mention the innumerable people that have died without ever being a cast member.Claiming life on Earth is proof of design, when there are many planets that are without life.It is often fueled by confirmation bias as one cherry picking data that fits the perceived pattern. The likely cause of the fallacy is a cognitive bias in humans called apophenia, which is the tendency to perceive false patterns in random data. If in a game of poker you are fairly dealt a random set of cards, that set of cards is just as likely as any other. The fallacy also occurs when claiming a random occurrence is significant without any justification. In other words, the hypothesis must be stated before comparing it to the data. The proper procedure is to verify the hypothesis on new data. This is not statistically valid because true patterns and coincidences cannot be distinguished. The fallacy occurs when forming a hypothesis based on data and then claiming the original data supports the hypothesis. He paints a target at the centre of the largest cluster of bullet holes and claims he is a good shot. ![]() The analogy is that a Texan is firing a number of shots at the side of a barn. The Texas sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy that erroneously stresses patterns in data while ignoring differences.
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